Types of TPMS Sensors

• ‌Direct TPMS‌: Installed inside each tire, these sensors directly measure air pressure and temperature. The data is then sent to the vehicle’s onboard computer.
• ‌Indirect TPMS‌: This system utilizes the vehicle’s anti-lock braking system (ABS) and wheel speed sensors to monitor tire pressure indirectly by detecting changes in tire diameter caused by underinflation.

Direct TPMS Operation

• ‌Pressure Measurement‌: Direct TPMS sensors continuously monitor tire pressure using a pressure transducer.
• ‌Temperature Measurement‌: In addition to pressure, the sensors also measure tire temperature, as temperature changes can affect tire pressure.
• ‌Data Transmission‌: The collected data is wirelessly transmitted to the vehicle’s TPMS module using radio frequency (RF) signals.

Indirect TPMS Operation

• ‌Wheel Speed Monitoring‌: Indirect TPMS relies on the wheel speed sensors of the ABS to compare the speed of each wheel. Underinflated tires have a smaller diameter and rotate faster.
• ‌Warning Activation‌: If a significant difference in wheel speeds is detected, indicating potential underinflation, the system activates a warning light on the dashboard.

Driver Notification and Benefits

• ‌Driver Alert‌: The driver is notified through warning lights or alerts when tire pressure falls below the recommended level.
• ‌Safety‌: Properly inflated tires enhance vehicle stability, handling, and braking performance, thereby improving overall safety.
• ‌Fuel Efficiency‌: Maintaining optimal tire pressure contributes to better fuel economy.

In summary, tire pressure sensors, whether direct or indirect, play a crucial role in maintaining optimal tire pressure, which is essential for vehicle safety, performance, and fuel efficiency.